Explained: How can China and Hong Kong both play in AFC Asian Cup?

Even though both China and Hong Kong have a common national anthem, the latter enjoys the autonomy.

The AFC Asian Cup, the most prestigious football tournament in Asia, showcases the diverse talent and passion for the sport across the continent. What makes this tournament particularly intriguing is the participation of both China and Hong Kong, entities that coexist within the same nation, but maintain separate football identities.

 To understand this unique situation, it is crucial to delve into the history of Hong Kong and its connection to the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

Historical background

Hong Kong, once a British territory, boasts a rich history shaped by its colonial past. During the colonial era, Hong Kong developed its own distinct identity, including a separate football association. Hong Kong Football Association (HKFA) was one of the 12 founding members of the AFC in the year 1954.

However, the geopolitical landscape saw a shift in 1997 when the United Kingdom handed over Hong Kong to China, marking the end of British colonial rule. The transfer of sovereignty raised questions about Hong Kong’s status in international sports, including football. 

The unique status of Hong Kong

Despite becoming a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China, Hong Kong retained certain rights, including the ability to participate independently in international sports organizations like the AFC.

Hong Kong’s football journey continued with its distinct identity within the AFC. The Hong Kong national team continued to compete in various tournaments, including those of the AFC at every level. Hong Kong’s unique status within the AFC and other sporting bodies across different sports is evidence of the “One Country, Two Systems” principle which allows the region a high degree of autonomy.

The National Anthem conundrum, difference in cultural landscape and struggle for autonomy

The issue surrounding the playing of the national anthem for Hong Kong’s football team revolves around the use of “March of the Volunteers.” This anthem, originally the national anthem of China, has been adopted by Hong Kong after the merger. However, the historical and political context in the region adds complexity to its use.

As a former British colony, Hong Kong has a unique status and a distinct identity, which is sometimes at crossroads with the mainland’s political ideology. The anthem, with its revolutionary and patriotic tones, has evoked different sentiments among native Hong Kongers. Some see it as a symbol of unity, while most of the native population see it as imposed by the government of the mainland.

Also Read: Explained: Why Palestine are playing in AFC Asian Cup, but Israel are not?

The playing of the national anthem has become a sensitive issue, with instances of protests, jeers and even fans turning their backs during its rendition before any sporting event. These acts of dissent reflect the political tensions and aspirations for greater autonomy or independence in Hong Kong.

Qualification Pathways

Both China and Hong Kong follow distinct qualification pathways to secure a spot at the AFC Asian Cup. The qualification process for each team is separate. This ensures that each team must earn its place in the tournament based on merit, regardless of the unique political relationship between the two entities.

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